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BACKGROUNDIn hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), current risk adjustment strategies are based on clinical and disease‐related variables. Although patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) predict mortality in multiple cancers, they have been less well studied within HCT. Improvements in risk adjustment strategies in HCT would inform patient selection, patient counseling, and quality reporting. The objective...
BACKGROUNDIn Chile, mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased rapidly. To help address this issue, the Prevention Project for Neoplasia of the Colon and Rectum (PRENEC) program was initiated in 2012 with intensive support from Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) in Tokyo, Japan, as part of an international collaboration.
METHODSFrom June 2012 to July 2014, a total of 10,575 asymptomatic...
BACKGROUNDThe contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to ovarian cancer in Japanese patients is still unclear. This study investigated the frequency of germline mutations in BRCA1/2 in Japanese patients with ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer, regardless of their family histories, which were suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
METHODSNinety‐five unselected women with ovarian cancer...
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that commonly affects young children and is remarkably heterogenous in its malignant potential. Recently, the genetic basis of neuroblastoma has come into focus and not only has catalyzed a more comprehensive understanding of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis but also has revealed novel oncogenic vulnerabilities that are being therapeutically leveraged. Neuroblastoma...
BACKGROUNDUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) constitutes the most common subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. However, UPS is clinically and molecularly poorly understood, in great extent due to its intrinsic phenotypic and cytogenetic complexity, which in turn results in the absence of specific prognostic or predictive biomarkers. The RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide...
BACKGROUNDThe last 3 decades have witnessed limited therapeutic advances in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) management. This study evaluated real‐world trends in the use of systemic therapies and the impact on patient outcomes in the United States.
METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database was used to find patients diagnosed with SCLC between 1985 and 2005. The 1985‐1990...
BACKGROUNDThe emotional status of cancer patients is associated with disease course and treatment outcomes. In this study, the authors evaluated associations between the presence of pretreatment depression and pretreatment quality of life (QOL), nutritional status, and survival outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
METHODSFor this prospective study, 241 patients...
BACKGROUNDIn the current American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer staging system (seventh edition) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), tumor size was excluded, and periductal invasion was added as a new tumor classification‐defining factor. The objective of the current report was to propose a new staging system for ICC that would be better for stratifying the survival...
BACKGROUNDSorafenib and sunitinib are oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved in 2005 and 2006, respectively, for the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A population‐based, observational cohort study of the cardiovascular risk of VEGFR TKI therapy in elderly RCC patients was conducted.
METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology,...
BACKGROUNDAlthough breast conservation therapy (BCT) is standard for breast cancer treatment, patients with tumors measuring >5 cm have been excluded from clinical trials. Nevertheless, only a few small retrospective series to date have compared BCT with mastectomy for tumors measuring >5 cm. The current study was performed to determine whether survival is equivalent for BCT versus mastectomy...
Surgery has long been the primary curative modality for localized rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation has significantly improved local control rates and, in a significant minority, eradicated all disease. Patients who achieve a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant therapy have an excellent prognosis, although the combination treatment is associated with long‐term morbidity. Because of...
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